Quality Assurance

Quality assurance, according to the Standard, is a way of managing that prevents non-conformance and thus “assures quality”. This is what makes ISO 9000 different from other standards: it is a management standard, not a product standard. It goes beyond product standardisation: it is standardising not what is made but how it is made. To use standards to dictate and control how organisations work was to extend the role of standards to new territory. To take such a step we might have firstly established that any such requirements worked — that they resulted in ways of working which improved performance. Yet the plausibility of this Standard, and the fact that those who had an interest in maintaining it were (and still are) leading opinion, prevented such enquiries. In simple terms the Standard asks managers to say what they do, do what they say and prove it to a third party. ISO 9000 (1994) paragraph 1: “The requirements specified are aimed primarily at achieving customer satisfaction by preventing non-conformity at all stages from design through servicing.” To put it another way, the Standard asserts that preventing non-conformance achieves customer satisfaction. But does it? Of course it matters to customers that a product works. But there is no guarantee that the Standard will ensure even that. Furthermore, customers take a total view of an organisation — how easy it is to do business with — in respect of all things of importance to each and every customer. ISO 9000 requires managers to “establish and maintain a documented quality system as a means of ensuring that product conforms to specified requirements”. Loosely translated this is “say what you do”. Management is supposed to “define and document its policy for quality . . . including its commitment to quality”. What management would not declare its commitment to quality? But would they know what it means? Would they argue (as they should) that quality management is a different and better way to do business, or would they believe that ISO 9000 will take care of quality? The Standard encourages managers to think of “quality” and “business as usual” as separate and distinct. It helps managers avoid the revelation that quality means a wholly different view of management. Instead, the organisation “shall appoint a management representative who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined authority and responsibility” [for ISO 9000]. At a practical level this means only one executive might decide he or she had better learn a thing or two about quality. However, would being responsible for ISO 9000 lead to learning about quality or simply enforcing the ISO 9000 regime in an organisation? Key to the regime is auditing. The Standard requires organisations to conduct internal quality audits to “verify whether quality activities comply with planned arrangements”. This can be loosely translated as “do you do as you say?” and the purpose of the audit is to see that you do. It was not until the 1994 review that the words were changed to “quality activities and related results”. It was a Standard which was rooted in the philosophy of inspection: fifteen years after its initial promulgation the promoters sought to extend the focus to results. But results or improvements assessed by what means? Inspection. By the time the Standard was adopted world-wide, quality thinking had moved a long way from the philosophy of inspection. It is now understood, at least by a few, that quality is achieved through managing the organisation as a system and using measures which enable managers to improve flow and reduce variation (which we explore in chapters 5 and 7). The defenders argue that there is nothing stopping a company having ISO 9000 and implementing methods for managing flow and reducing variation, but where are such companies? Few of the companies we researched, formally and informally, knew anything about this thinking. The Standard does not talk about it; moreover, the Standard effectively discourages managers from learning about it by representing quality in a different way. According to ISO 8402 (quality vocabulary), quality is: “The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.” Everything we have learned about ISO 9000 suggests that the people who created this definition were thinking about the things which need to be controlled, those things which “bear on its ability . . .”. The builders of the Standard assumed that customer needs would be listed in contractual agreements between the supplier and customer. ISO 9000 has a “make” logic — procedures for “how you do what you do” — and a “control” logic — check to see that it is done. It is a relic of the era when contractual agreements were perceived to be an important device for regulating the behaviour of suppliers. In these ways, ISO 9000 encouraged “planning for quality”. Planning for quality sounds plausible, but it assumes many things: that the plan is the right plan, that it is feasible, that people will “do it”, that performance will improve. It is an approach which, paradoxically, leads to poor decisions. Planners of quality systems, guided by ISO 9000, start with a view of how the world should be as framed by the Standard. Understanding how an organisation is working, rather than how someone thinks it should, is a far better place from which to start change of any kind.

Standards Certification In Business

In our business we often need to describe our policy and practice regarding quality of service, responsibility towards environment and employees health to our clients. There are three set standards i.e. ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 accepted globally.

ISO 9001 is the internationally recognised Quality Management Standard for all types of organisations. It’s all about managing your processes and continually improving the way you do things. It doesn’t require you to change any of your operating procedures or do anything that isn’t good practice. It simply asks you to “Say what you do, and do what you say”.

ISO 9001 is by far the world’s most established quality framework, currently being used by over ¾ million organizations in 161 countries, and sets the standard not only for quality management systems, but management systems in general.

Having ISO 9001 certification demonstrates that your organisation is well managed, knows where it is going and has a plan to get there. Also, having a plan means you are far more likely to succeed.

Certification to the ISO 14001 Standard demonstrates your ‘Green’ credentials to the world at large and your customers in particular. It gives them the confidence to know that behind the certificate there is an organisation that is aware of its environmental responsibilities and is doing everything it can to minimise any adverse impact.

ISO 14001 standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to:

• implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system
• assure itself of its conformance with its own stated environmental policy (those policy commitments

• of course must be made)
• demonstrate conformance
• ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations
• seek certification of its environmental management system by an external third party organization
• make a self-determination of conformance

OHSAS18001 sets out the requirements for an Occupational Health & safety Management system that enables organisations to control physical, work related risk, protect employees’ health and improve business performance. It requires the creation of a relevant Management System and has been developed to promote best practice in this field.

Obtaining OHSAS 18001 demonstrates that you have:

· procedures for risk assessment, risk control and hazard identification

· structured health and safety training and required competences

· emergency procedures and response mechanisms

· formal communication channels for disseminating health and safety information

· performance measures and improvement plans

Achieving ISO compliance and certification can take significant amounts of time but should prove valuable for companies interested in successful global networking and high levels of customer satisfaction.

The Most Common Mistakes Made with ISO 9001

The Most Common Mistakes Made with ISO 9001
Some very common mistakes often happen when companies try for ISO 9001. Usually they:
Don’t really know what they want from their system
Don’t make the system work for them
Don’t keep it simple
Don’t understand the Standard, let alone how to apply it to what they do
Don’t know or use a ’systems approach’
Don’t get the documentation right (the dreaded ‘quality manual’)
Don’t get their people involved
Don’t actually know what they mean by ‘quality’.
Then there’s the biggest one of all.
They don’t follow their own system. Is it any wonder?
Perhaps you’ve already looked into getting ISO 9001. If you’ve read it, you’ll probably agree it doesn’t make great reading. But it does talk about a ‘quality manual’, so presumably you have to write lots of documents.